{"title":"Patches","description":"NASA Patches","products":[{"product_id":"expedition-42-patch","title":"Expedition 42 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mission Patch:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Expedition 42 crew wrote the description that follows: The rectangular-shaped\u003cbr\u003edesign portrays the International Space Station orbiting planet Earth with its solar\u003cbr\u003earray wings spread wide. Facing the sun with the lower left outboard solar array\u003cbr\u003efeathered, the left array portrays a prominent number “4” and the fully deployed\u003cbr\u003earrays on the right form the Roman numeral version of “2.” This signifies the two\u003cbr\u003eincrement crews which, together, comprise the six-member international Expedition\u003cbr\u003e42 crew. The crew and all supporting personnel around the world are also\u003cbr\u003erepresented by the six stars adorning the sky around the complex.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Emblem","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44420894665,"sku":"10074","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/expedition-42-patch.jpg?v=1504112047"},{"product_id":"sts-51l-patch","title":"STS-51L Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSTS-51L Patch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNASA – STS-51L Mission Profile\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first shuttle liftoff scheduled from Pad B, STS-51L was beset by delays. Launch was orginially set for 3:43 p.m. EST, Jan. 22, slipped to Jan. 23, then Jan. 24, due to delays in mission 61-C. Launch was reset for Jan. 25 because of bad weather at the transoceanic abort landing (TAL) site in Dakar, Senegal. To utilize Casablanca (not equipped for night landings) as alternate TAL site, T-zero was moved to a morning liftoff time. The launch postponed another day when launch processing was unable to meet the new morning liftoff time. Prediction of unacceptable weather at KSC led to the launch being rescheduled for 9:37 a.m. EST, Jan. 27. The launch was delayed 24 hours again when the ground servicing equipment hatch closing fixture could not be removed from the orbiter hatch. The fixture was sawed off and an attaching bolt drilled out before closeout was completed. During the delay, cross winds exceeded return-to-launch-site limits at KSC’s Shuttle Landing Facility. The launch Jan. 28 was delayed two hours when a hardware interface module in the launch processing system, which monitors the fire detection system, failed during liquid hydrogen tanking procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJust after liftoff at .678 seconds into the flight, photographic data shows a strong puff of gray smoke was spurting from the vicinity of the aft field joint on the right solid rocket booster. Computer graphic analysis of the film from the pad cameras indicated the initial smoke came from the 270 to 310-degree sector of the circumference of the aft field joint of the right solid rocket booster. This area of the solid booster faces the external tank. The vaporized material streaming from the joint indicated there was not a complete sealing action within the joint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEight more distinctive puffs of increasingly blacker smoke were recorded between .836 and 2.500 seconds. The smoke appeared to puff upwards from the joint. While each smoke puff was being left behind by the upward flight of the shuttle, the next fresh puff could be seen near the level of the joint. The multiple smoke puffs in this sequence occurred at about four times per second, approximating the frequency of the structural load dynamics and resultant joint flexing. As the shuttle increased its upward velocity, it flew past the emerging and expanding smoke puffs. The last smoke was seen above the field joint at 2.733 seconds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe black color and dense composition of the smoke puffs suggest that the grease, joint insulation and rubber O-rings in the joint seal were being burned and eroded by the hot propellant gases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt approximately 37 seconds, Challenger encountered the first of several high-altitude wind shear conditions, which lasted until about 64 seconds. The wind shear created forces on the vehicle with relatively large fluctuations. These were immediately sensed and countered by the guidance, navigation and control system. The steering system (thrust vector control) of the solid rocket booster responded to all commands and wind shear effects. The wind shear caused the steering system to be more active than on any previous flight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the shuttle main engines and the solid rockets operated at reduced thrust approaching and passing through the area of maximum dynamic pressure of 720 pounds per square foot. The main engines had been throttled up to 104 percent thrust and the solid rocket boosters were increasing their thrust when the first flickering flame appeared on the right solid rocket booster in the area of the aft field joint. This first very small flame was detected on image enhanced film at 58.788 seconds into the flight. It appeared to originate at about 305 degrees around the booster circumference at or near the aft field joint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne film frame later from the same camera, the flame was visible without image enhancement. It grew into a continuous, well-defined plume at 59.262 seconds. At about the same time (60 seconds), telemetry showed a pressure differential between the chamber pressures in the right and left boosters. The right booster chamber pressure was lower, confirming the growing leak in the area of the field joint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the flame plume increased in size, it was deflected rearward by the aerodynamic slipstream and circumferentially by the protruding structure of the upper ring attaching the booster to the external tank. These deflections directed the flame plume onto the surface of the external tank. This sequence of flame spreading is confirmed by analysis of the recovered wreckage. The growing flame also impinged on the strut attaching the solid rocket booster to the external tank.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first visual indication that swirling flame from the right solid rocket booster breached the external tank was at 64.660 seconds when there was an abrupt change in the shape and color of the plume. This indicated that it was mixing with leaking hydrogen from the external tank. Telemetered changes in the hydrogen tank pressurization confirmed the leak. Within 45 milliseconds of the breach of the external tank, a bright sustained glow developed on the black-tiled underside of the Challenger between it and the external tank.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeginning at about 72 seconds, a series of events occurred extremely rapidly that terminated the flight. Telemetered data indicated a wide variety of flight system actions that support the visual evidence of the photos as the shuttle struggled futilely against the forces that were destroying it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt about 72.20 seconds the lower strut linking the solid rocket booster and the external tank was severed or pulled away from the weakened hydrogen tank permitting the right solid rocket booster to rotate around the upper attachment strut. This rotation is indicated by divergent yaw and pitch rates between the left and right solid rocket boosters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt 73.124 seconds, a circumferential white vapor pattern was observed blooming from the side of the external tank bottom dome. This was the beginning of the structural failure of hydrogen tank that culminated in the entire aft dome dropping away. This released massive amounts of liquid hydrogen from the tank and created a sudden forward thrust of about 2.8 million pounds, pushing the hydrogen tank upward into the intertank structure. At about the same time, the rotating right solid rocket booster impacted the intertank structure and the lower part of the liquid oxygen tank. These structures failed at 73.137 seconds as evidenced by the white vapors appearing in the intertank region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin milliseconds there was massive, almost explosive, burning of the hydrogen streaming from the failed tank bottom and liquid oxygen breach in the area of the intertank.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt this point in its trajectory, while traveling at a Mach number of 1.92 at an altitude of 46,000 feet, Challenger was totally enveloped in the explosive burn. The Challenger’s reaction control system ruptured and a hypergolic burn of its propellants occurred as it exited the oxygen-hydrogen flames. The reddish brown colors of the hypergolic fuel burn are visible on the edge of the main fireball. The orbiter, under severe aerodynamic loads, broke into several large sections which emerged from the fireball. Separate sections that can be identified on film include the main engine\/tail section with the engines still burning, one wing of the orbiter, and the forward fuselage trailing a mass of umbilical lines pulled loose from the payload bay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe explosion 73 seconds after liftoff claimed crew and vehicle. The cause of explosion was determined to be an o-ring failure in the right solid rocket booster. Cold weather was determined to be a contributing factor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights (Planned)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe planned orbital activities of the Challenger 51-L mission were as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 1, after arriving into orbit, the crew was to have two periods of scheduled high activity. First they were to check the readiness of the TDRS-B satellite prior to planned deployment. After lunch they were to deploy the satellite and its Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster and to perform a series of separation maneuvers. The first sleep period was scheduled to be eight hours long starting about 18 hours after crew wakeup the morning of launch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 2, the Comet Halley Active Monitoring Program (CHAMP) experiment was scheduled to begin. Also scheduled were the initial “teacher in space” (TISP) video taping and a firing of the orbital maneuvering engines (OMS) to place Challenger at the 152-mile orbital altitude from which the Spartan would be deployed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 3, the crew was to begin pre-deployment preparations on the Spartan and then the satellite was to be deployed using the remote manipulator system (RMS) robot arm. Then the flight crew was to slowly separate from Spartan by 90 miles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 4, the Challenger was to begin closing on Spartan while Gregory B. Jarvis continued fluid dynamics experiments started on day two and day 3. Live telecasts were also planned to be conducted by Christa McAuliffe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 5, the crew was to rendezvous with Spartan and use the robot arm to capture the satellite and re-stow it in the payload bay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 6, re-entry preparations were scheduled. This included flight control checks, test firing of maneuvering jets needed for re-entry, and cabin stowage. A crew news conferences was also scheduled following the lunch period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn Flight Day 7, the day would have been spent preparing the Space Shuttle for deorbit and entry into the atmosphere. The Challenger was scheduled to land at the Kennedy Space Center 144 hours and 34 minutes after launch.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44505115849,"sku":"700003","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-51L-patch.jpg?v=1504196726"},{"product_id":"sts-99-patch","title":"STS-99 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSTS-99 Patch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSTS-99 faced a series of launch delays and one scrub before launching successfully. The mission was originally scheduled to fly on Sept. 16, 1999. But in mid-August, the launch date was postponed until October because of wiring concerns throughout the shuttle fleet. With so much of Endeavour’s wiring requiring inspection, the target date for launch was shifted to no earlier than Nov. 19. Shuttle managers later decided to preserve the option to launch either STS-99, or STS-103, the third Hubble Servicing Mission, first. It was decided in October that STS-103 would fly first, and the launch of STS-99 was set for Jan. 13, 2000. In December that date came under review, and a new launch date of no earlier than Jan. 31 was set.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe scheduled launch on Jan. 31, 2000, was scrubbed because of unacceptable weather conditions. However, late in the count, an anomaly occurred with the No. 2 enhanced master events controller (EMEC), which also would have prevented the launch on that day. The EMEC was removed and replaced and the launch rescheduled until 12:30 p.m. EST on Feb. 11. About three hours prior to the scheduled launch, an unexpected pressure drop was detected in hydraulic system 1. The pressure drop was determined to be the result of a normal sequence of prelaunch events. Discussions of the pressure drop resulted in a 13-minute, 40-second launch delay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Shuttle Radar Topography Mission mast was deployed successfully to its full length, and the antenna was turned to its operation position. After a successful checkout of the radar systems, mapping began at 12:31 a.m., less than 12 hours after launch. Crewmembers, split into two shifts so they could work around the clock, began mapping an area from 60 degrees north to 56 degrees south. Data was sent to Jet Propulsion Laboratory for analysis and early indications showed the data to be of excellent quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMapping proceeded fairly smoothly, but during an attitude-hold period for payload mapping during the second day of flight, it was determined that orbiter propellant usage had doubled from 0.07 to 0.15 percent an hour. The increase was caused by a failure of the payload cold-gas thrust system that was used to offset the gravity gradient torque of the mast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result of this failure, orbiter propellant was being used at a higher-than-planned rate to maintain the attitude of the vehicle. Measures to reduce the expenditure were evaluated and based on the analysis, enough propellant could be saved to complete the planned 9-day plus science mission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first of a series of “flycast” maneuvers during the mission was also made on the second day of flight. The flycast maneuver was designed to reduce strain on the almost-200-foot mast extending from Endeavour’s cargo bay when adjustments to Endeavour’s orbit were needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe orbiter, which flies tail-first during mapping operations, is moved to a nose-first attitude with the mast extending upward. A brief reaction control system pulse begins the maneuver. The mast deflects slightly backwards, then rebounds forward. As it reaches vertical, a stronger thrust is applied, arresting the mast’s motion and increasing the orbiter’s speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRadar data gathering concluded at 6:54 a.m. EST on the tenth day of flight after a final sweep across Australia. During 222 hours and 23 minutes of mapping, Endeavour’s radar images filled 332 high density tapes and covered 99.98 percent of the planned mapping area — land between 60 degrees north latitude and 56 degrees south latitude — at least once and 94.6 percent of it twice. Only about 80,000 square miles in scattered areas remained unimaged, most of them in North America and most already well mapped by other methods. Enough data was gathered to fill the equivalent of 20,000 CD’s.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlso aboard Endeavour was a student experiment called EarthKAM, which took 2,715 digital photos during the mission through an overhead flight-deck window. The NASA-sponsored program lets middle school students select photo targets and receive the images via the Internet. The pictures are used in classroom projects on earth science, geography, mathematics and space science. More than 75 middle schools around the world participated in the experiment, which set a record. On four previous flights combined, EarthKAM sent down a total of 2,018 images.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44505256521,"sku":"700004","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-99-patch.jpg?v=1504196895"},{"product_id":"sts-98-patch","title":"STS-98 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44505860361,"sku":"700007","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-98-patch.jpg?v=1504197465"},{"product_id":"sts-102-patch","title":"STS-102 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSTS-102 Patch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sunrise launch carried the second resident crew to the International Space Station as well as the first Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, Leonardo, full of supplies and equipment plus science racks for transfer to the U.S. Laboratory Destiny.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJoint operations between the shuttle crew and the station crews resulted in unloading almost five tons of experiments and equipment from Leonardo and packing almost one ton of items for return to Earth. Discovery’s spacewalkers — James Voss, Susan Helms, Andrew Thomas and Paul Richards — set the stage for continued expansion of the station by installing a platform that will be used to mount a Canadian-built robotic arm, the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS), to the station on a future mission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovery docked with the station at 1:38 a.m. EST on March 10. Hatches between the two spacecraft opened at 3:51 a.m. EST. All 10 crew members greeted each other for several minutes in the Destiny module. The first Expedition Two crew member to trade places was Yury Usachev, replacing Yuri Gidzenko on March 10. James Voss swapped places with Sergei Krikalev on March 11, and Susan Helms swapped with Bill Shepherd on March 14. A formal transfer of command was conducted on March 19 as Commander Bill Shepherd passed responsibility for the station to Yury Usachev.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 1: Helms and Voss began a record-breaking spacewalk at 12:12 a.m. March 11. They prepared the Pressurized Mating Adapter-3 to be moved from the Unity module to make room for Leonardo. They removed an antenna from the Common Berthing Mechanism to allow the PMA-3 to be temporarily stowed there while Leonardo was connected to the station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey also removed a Lab Cradle Assembly from Discovery’s cargo bay and installed it on the side of the U.S. Lab Destiny. There it will form the base for the SSRMS being delivered on a mission in April.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe spacewalk ended at 9:08 a.m. EST, marking the longest spacewalk in shuttle history at 8 hours 56 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Specialist Andrew Thomas lifted Leonardo out of Discovery’s cargo bay at 11:10 p.m. EST on March 11 and maneuvered it into place on the Common Berthing Mechanism. The docking was completed at 1:02 a.m. EST March 12 when Commander Wetherbee activated the latches to seal the components.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 2: Beginning the second spacewalk at 12:23 a.m. EST March 13, Richards and Thomas installed an External Stowage Platform for spare station parts and attached a spare ammonia coolant pump to the platform. They also connected several cables on the exterior of Destiny that were placed previously by Helms and Voss during the first spacewalk. The cable will provide heater power and control for the yet-to-come robotic arm. Duration of this spacewalk was 6 hours 21 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrew members transferred cargo from Leonardo, including the first Station research rack, the Human Research Facility that will study the effects of weightlessness on the human body. Full transfer of systems racks was completed March 14.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVoss and Helms spent most of one day, March 15, installing a workstation for SSRMS. With Leonardo emptied of its cargo to the station, the crew packed trash, unneeded equipment and luggage into the module for return to Earth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShuttle and station managers extended the mission one day which eased the heavy work schedule of the crews to complete cargo transfers. On March 18 Thomas began moving Leonardo with the robotic arm at 5:40 a.m. EST. The MPLM was back in Discovery’s payload bay at 7:08 a.m. EST.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovery undocked from the space station at 11:32 p.m. EST on Sunday, March 19. The two vehicles were docked a total of 8 days, 21 hours, 54 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44506187977,"sku":"700008","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-102_patch.jpg?v=1504197702"},{"product_id":"sts-105-patch","title":"STS-105 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSTS-105 Patch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter linkup of shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station, hatches were opened and crews greeted one another. Part of the mission was to bring the next resident crew, Expedition 3, to the ISS and return Expedition 2 to Earth. The payload included the Early Ammonia Servicer (EAS), to be installed on the outside of the ISS, and the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Leonardo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the fifth day of the mission, August 16, Discovery maintained control of the space station while Russian flight controllers completed loading and upgraded software commands to the Zvezda module. After completion of the upgrade, the Zvezda module again assumed control of the station’s attitude, or position in space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring this time docked with the ISS, crews unloaded 7,000 pounds of supplies, equipment and science racks from the MPLM Leonardo, storing it on the space station. This was the second flight of the Leonardo to the ISS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 1: 6 hours, 16 minutes — Mission Specialists Forrester and Barry completed the first of two Extra-Vehicular Activities to install the EAS on August 16, 2001. The EAS contains spare ammonia that can be used in the space station’s cooling systems if needed. During the EVA, Discovery Commander Horowitz operated the shuttle robot arm and Pilot Sturckow choreographed the spacewalk from the orbiter’s flight deck.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn August 17, in a special ceremony, the Expedition 2 crew handed over command of the ISS to Expedition 3. Briefings followed as well as stowing equipment, discarded items and belongings of Expedition 2 into the MPLM Leonardo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 2: 5 hours, 29 minutes — Barry and Forrester completed their second EVA on August 18, 2001, setting the stage for delivery of the S0 Integrated Truss Structure that is planned for 2002. They strung heater cables and installed hand rails on both sides of the U.S. Lab Destiny.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis EVA was the 26th devoted to assembly of the ISS, and the 68th spacewalk in shuttle program history. It also marked 431 hours, 39 minutes of total spacewalk time in shuttle history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn August 20, the Discovery crew undocked from the ISS and performed a fly-around. They later deployed a small science satellite, Simplesat, via a spring ejection from a canister at the rear of the cargo bay.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44507612233,"sku":"700011","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-105-patch.jpg?v=1504198996"},{"product_id":"sts-108-patch","title":"STS-108 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSTS-108 Patch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch of space shuttle Endeavour on November 29 was rescheduled for Tuesday, December 4, to allow sufficient time for the Expedition Three crew on the space station to successfully complete a spacewalk to clear an obstruction on the latching mechanism on the Russian Progress supply vehicle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch December 4 was postponed due to unsatisfactory weather conditions in the KSC area. Launch controllers counted down to the T-5 minute point and held until the remainder of the window expired. The scrub had to be called after Astronaut Office Chief Charles Precourt, flying the Shuttle Training Aircraft, detected precipitation in a cloud mass that moved into the Complex 39 area shortly before launch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndeavour lifted off December 5 on the final space shuttle mission of 2001 to deliver three tons of supplies and a fresh crew to the International Space Station, and return home a crew that spent four months in space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to a new station crew and supplies, Endeavour carried a host of scientific investigations, including experiments from space agencies, schools and universities across the United States, Europe and South America, as well as a small satellite that involved more than 25,000 students in 26 countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShuttle Commander Dom Gorie brought Endeavour to a gentle linkup with the ISS at 3:03 p.m. EST as the two craft sailed over England. Within minutes, Pilot Mark Kelly and Mission Specialists Linda Godwin and Dan Tani began to conduct post-docking checks of the mechanical interface between Endeavour and the station’s Destiny Laboratory prior to the opening of the hatches on the two vehicles. At first, the shuttle’s docking ring and the docking mechanism on the ISS did not align properly, but after allowing the two craft to dampen their relative motion against one another, the vehicles were hard mated for a week of joint operations by the 10 crew members.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe hatches were opened between Endeavour and the ISS Destiny Laboratory at 5:42 p.m. EST Dec. 7, enabling the ten crew members to greet one another. The Expedition 3 crew officially ended their 117-day residency on board the International Space Station Dec. 8 as their custom Soyuz seatliners were transferred to Endeavour for the return trip home. The transfer of the Expedition 4 seatliners to the Soyuz return vehicle attached to the station marked the official exchange of crews.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndeavour Pilot Mark Kelly and Mission Specialist Linda Godwin used the shuttle’s robotic arm to lift the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module from the shuttle payload bay and attach it to a berth on the station’s Unity node. The crews began unloading supplies the same day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 10 astronauts and cosmonauts in orbit took a break from the transfer of supplies, experiments and equipment to and from the space shuttle Endeavour and the International Space Station to pay tribute to the heroes of the September 11 attacks on New York and the Pentagon. Joined by flight controllers in Mission Control, the crews observed the playing of the U.S. and Russian national anthems at 8:46 a.m. EST, the three-month anniversary of the first impact at the World Trade Center.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, aboard Endeavour were 6,000 small United States flags that would be distributed to heroes and families of the victims of the attacks after the shuttle returned to Earth; a U.S. flag that was found at the World Trade Center site after the attacks; a U.S. flag that had flown above the Pennsylvania state capitol; a U.S. Marine Corps Colors flag from the Pentagon; a New York Fire Department flag; and a poster that included photographs of firefighters lost in the attacks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA: 4 hours, 12 minutes — Endeavour astronauts Linda Godwin and Dan Tani completed a four-hour, 12-minute spacewalk to install insulation on mechanisms that rotate the International Space Station’s main solar arrays. The two spacewalkers stopped at a stowage bin to retrieve a cover that had been removed from a station antenna during an earlier flight, and after its return to Earth, may be reused. Godwin and Tani also performed a “getahead;” task, positioning two switches on the station’s exterior to be installed on a future shuttle mission, STS-110. The spacewalk completed a record year with 18 spacewalks conducted: 12 originating from the shuttle and six from the station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission managers extended Endeavour’s flight to a duration of 12 days to allow Endeavour’s crew to assist with additional maintenance tasks on the station, including work on a treadmill and replacing a failed compressor in one of the air conditioners in the Zvezda Service Module.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe astronauts and cosmonauts completed the transfer of more than 5,000 pounds of supplies and material from Endeavour’s mid-deck and the Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module to the station. The transferred items included more than 850 pounds of food, 1,000 pounds of clothing and other crew provisions, 300 pounds of experiments and associated equipment, 800 pounds of spacewalking gear, and 600 pounds of medical equipment. In turn, the crew packed up the Raffaello module with items bound for a return trip to Earth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn December 12, the crew and Mission Control noted a transient problem with one of the shuttle’s three inertial measurement units (IMUs), the primary navigation units for the shuttle. Only two of the three IMUs were on line at the time, with the third unit off line to save electricity. The IMU that experienced a problem, designated IMU 2, was immediately taken off line and the third IMU brought on line. IMU 2 operated well after that, but it remained off line and was considered failed by flight controllers. The loss of one IMU had no impact on Endeavour’s mission, and the other two units operated in excellent condition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA formal change of command ceremony took place December 13 as Expedition 3 ended its residence and Expedition 4 began theirs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlight controllers planned slight changes to Endeavour’s departure from the station December 15, allowing time for a small jet firing by the shuttle to boost the station’s future path away from a piece of space debris that could pass near the complex. Mission Control was notified that a spent Russian rocket upper stage launched in the 1970s could pass within three miles of the station if Endeavour did not perform the engine firing. With the shuttle reboost, the station was predicted to pass more than 40 miles away from the debris.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause the scheduled reboost used additional propellant, Endeavour did not perform a full-circle flyaround of the station after undocking. Instead, the shuttle undocked from the station, performing a quarter circle flyaround of the complex to a point about 400 feet directly above the station where it fired its engines in a final separation burn at 12:20 a.m. EST, beginning its departure from the orbiting outpost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndeavour’s middeck carried home the results of several experiments completed during Expedition 3’s stay on the station. These included the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility, the Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth experiment and cells from the Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support System (CBOSS).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CBOSS equipment aboard the space station will remain active during Expedition 4, growing ovarian and colon cancer cells, as well as kidney cells in microgravity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperiments in Endeavour’s payload bay were returned for investigators around the world. The Multiple Application Customized Hitchhiker-1 (MACH-1) carried a wide array of experiments, including the Prototype Synchrotron Radiation Detector, the Collisions Into Dust Experiment-2, the Capillary Pump Loop, and the Space Experiment Module (SEM). The SEM carried experiments from Argentina, Portugal, Morocco and Australia, as well as experiments from U.S. schoolchildren. Several other canisters in Endeavour’s payload bay also carried student experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn its return to Earth, Endeavour’s crew deployed a small satellite called STARSHINE 2 from a canister located in the payload bay. More than 30,000 students from 660 schools in 26 countries will be tracking STARSHINE 2 as it orbits the Earth for eight months. The students, who helped polish STARSHINE’s 845 mirrors, will use the information they collect to calculate the density of the Earth’s upper atmosphere.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44507718601,"sku":"700012","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-108-patch.jpg?v=1504199102"},{"product_id":"sts-110-patch","title":"STS-110 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe launch marked a milestone as Mission Specialist (MS) Jerry Ross became the first human to fly in space seven times, breaking his own and other astronauts’ records of six space flights. His two spacewalks gave him a total of 58 hours and 18 minutes, surpassed only by Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyev in human space flight history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInstallation of the S0 truss was the primary objective and began with removal of the truss from Atlantis’ payload bay. Mission Specialist Ellen Ochoa lifted it out with the station’s robotic arm and maneuvered it onto a clamp at the top of the Destiny Lab. The truss contains navigational devices, computers, cooling and power systems needed to attach additional laboratories to the complex. Four spacewalks were required for the task. The truss will serve as a platform on which other trusses will be attached and additional solar arrays will be mounted to form a 356-foot-long space station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetween and during spacewalks, shuttle and ISS crew members transferred experiments and supplies between the shuttle and the station. They also transferred oxygen from the shuttle to one of four high-pressure gas tanks, used on the Quest Airlock to repressurize the module after spacewalks. Overall, 100 pounds of oxygen and 50 pounds of nitrogen were transferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial tests of the movement of the Mobile Transporter were successful. ISS Flight Engineer Walz commanded the transporter, via a laptop computer, to move to a work site 17 feet down a rail spanning the 44-foot-length of the girder, then a second site and back to the first. Automatic latching did not occur due to minute lifting of the rail car but was accomplished by manual commands. Other transporter systems functioned perfectly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTasks not accomplished on the mission were removal of the balky bolt from the backup cable on the Mobile Transporter and installation of a gas analyzer on the truss. The gas analyzer, considered low priority on the flight, proved to be faulty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 1: 7 hours, 48 minutes — After the temporary latching, MS Rex Walheim and MS Steven Smith began the first of four spacewalks to electrically and structurally mate the truss to the station. The spacewalking pair attached two of four mounting struts onto Destiny, deployed trays of avionics equipment and cables connecting Destiny to the truss, attached an umbilical system from the truss to the Mobile Transporter, and secured critical power connections. Walheim was the first spacewalker to use the stations’ Canadarm 2 as a cherrypicker, maneuvering to different areas for the assembly work. Smith operated as a “free-floater,” tethered to the Station and other work sites around the truss. From the aft flight deck of the shuttle, Ross and ISS Flight Engineer Carl Walz helped choreograph the spacewalk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 2: 7 hours, 30 minutes — MS Jerry Ross and MS Lee Morin bolted the final two struts of the S0 truss to the Destiny Lab. Morin used Canadarm2 to work while Ross was tethered to the Station. The two removed support panels and clamps from the truss, used during launch, then installed a backup device with an umbilical reel for the Mobile Transporter railcar. A restraining bolt that needed to be removed did not perform as expected and was left for a later spacewalk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 3: 6 hours, 27 minutes — MS Smith and MS Walheim released the claw that initially held the truss to the Lab. They also reconfigured Canadarm 2 connectors for electricity from the Lab to be powered by the truss. Smith worked from the end of the shuttle’s robotic arm while Walheim was the free-floater, tethered to the station. This was Smith’s seventh spacewalk, second to Ross. Smith and Walheim also released clamps that secured the Mobile Transporter to the truss. A task to attach the Airlock Spur, a 14-foot ladder, from the truss to the Quest Airlock was delayed to the fourth EVA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 4: 6 hours, 37 minutes — MS Ross and MS Morin installed the 14-foot beam, the Airlock Spur, from the S0 truss to the Quest Airlock. The beam will provide a quick pathway for future spacewalkers working on truss assembly. Ross tested switches on both sides of the truss for future truss assembly. He and Morin installed floodlights on the Unity connecting Module and Destiny Lab to provide illumination for future spacewalks. Other activities included attaching a work platform on the station for future construction work, installing electrical converters and circuit breakers, and attaching shock absorbers to the Mobile Transporter railcar. Ross used the Canadarm 2 for his work while Morin was the free-floater, tethered to the station.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44507953673,"sku":"700014","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-110-patch.jpg?v=1504199350"},{"product_id":"sts-113-patch","title":"STS-113 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver the course of the 14-day mission, the STS-113 crew and the Expedition Six crew combined to install the new P1 truss to the International Space Station, perform three spacewalks to outfit and activate the truss, and transfer supplies and equipment between the two spacecraft. Endeavour brought more than 2,500 pounds of material to the station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the transfer were science experiments, the PCG-STES and PGBA returning to Earth and the PCG-STES Unit 10 moving onto the station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile Endeavour was docked to the space station, Expedition 5 NASA Science Officer Peggy Whitson and Expedition 6 Commander Ken Bowersox replaced two valves and cleared debris from vent lines of the Carbon Dioxide Removal Asembly (CDRA) in the station’s U.S. Destiny Laboratory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the first spacewalk, Commander Jim Wetherbee removed the P1 truss from Endeavour’s payload bay, using the shuttle’s robotic arm, and handed it off to the station’s Canadarm2. Whitson and Bowersox maneuvered the P1 to its installation position.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 1: 6 hours, 45 minutes — Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington hooked up electrical connections between the P1 truss and station, installed spool positioning devices that will ensure quick disconnect devices in fluid lines function properly, and released launch locks on the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart. They also installed Node Wireless video system External Transceiver Assembly (WETA) antennas allowing reception from spacewalkers’ helmet cameras without a shuttle present.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 2: 6 hours, 10 minutes — On Thanksgiving Day, Lopez-Alegria and Herrington connected two fluid jumpers between the P1 and S0 trusses, linking plumbing for ammonia in the station’s cooling system. They removed the starboard keel pin, moving it to the proper location and stowing it in the P1 truss. They also installed a second WETA, this one on the P1 truss. They released launch locks on the P1 radiator beams.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorking from the Canadarm2, Herrington lifted the CETA cart to the S1 truss where he attached it to the tracks and secured it to its sister CETA, delivered on STS-112. The move cleared the P1 tracks so the Canadarm 2 can move on them via the Mobile Transporter and Mobile Base System.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA final task was reconnecting a cable on the WETA installed 2 days earlier.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEVA No. 3: 7 hours — Herrington and Lopez-Alegria successfully completed installation of 33 spool positioning devices around the outside of the station. Herrington also troubleshooted the stalled railcar (Mobile Transporter). He freed and deployed a UHF communications antenna that had snagged a trailing umbilical mechanism on the MT. The MT was able to reach its destination, Worksite 7. 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The box was returned to Earth for further study.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44508258953,"sku":"700017","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-113-patch.jpg?v=1504199630"},{"product_id":"expedition-3-patch","title":"Expedition 3 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eExpedition 3\u003cbr\u003eLaunch Vehicle: Space Shuttle Discovery\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch: Aug. 10, 2001, 5:10 p.m. EDT\u003cbr\u003eDocking: Aug. 12, 2001, 2:42 p.m.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpacewalks:\u003cbr\u003eOct. 8, 2001\u003cbr\u003eOct. 15, 2001\u003cbr\u003eNov. 12, 2001\u003cbr\u003eDec. 3, 2001\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReturn Vehicle: Space Shuttle Endeavour\u003cbr\u003eUndocking: Dec. 15, 2001, 12:28 p.m. EST\u003cbr\u003eLanding: Dec. 17, 2001, 12:55 p.m.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuration:\u003cbr\u003eOn ISS: 125 days\u003cbr\u003eOn orbit: 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Kennedy on May 25, 1961: perform a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional flight objectives included scientific exploration by the lunar module, or LM, crew; deployment of a television camera to transmit signals to Earth; and deployment of a solar wind composition experiment, seismic experiment package and a Laser Ranging Retroreflector. During the exploration, the two astronauts were to gather samples of lunar-surface materials for return to Earth. They also were to extensively photograph the lunar terrain, the deployed scientific equipment, the LM spacecraft, and each other, both with still and motion picture cameras. This was to be the last Apollo mission to fly a “free-return” trajectory, which would enable a return to Earth with no engine firing, providing a ready abort of the mission at any time prior to lunar orbit insertion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApollo 11 launched from Cape Kennedy on July 16, 1969, carrying Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin into an initial Earth-orbit of 114 by 116 miles. An estimated 530 million people watched Armstrong’s televised image and heard his voice describe the event as he took “…one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind” on July 20, 1969.\u003cbr\u003eTwo hours, 44 minutes and one-and-a-half revolutions after launch, the S-IVB stage reignited for a second burn of five minutes, 48 seconds, placing Apollo 11 into a translunar orbit. The command and service module, or CSM, Columbia separated from the stage, which included the spacecraft-lunar module adapter, or SLA, containing the lunar module, or LM, Eagle. After transposition and jettisoning of the SLA panels on the S-IVB stage, the CSM docked with the LM. The S-IVB stage separated and injected into heliocentric orbit four hours, 40 minutes into the flight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first color TV transmission to Earth from Apollo 11 occurred during the translunar coast of the CSM\/LM. Later, on July 17, a three-second burn of the SPS was made to perform the second of four scheduled midcourse corrections programmed for the flight. The launch had been so successful that the other three were not needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn July 18, Armstrong and Aldrin put on their spacesuits and climbed through the docking tunnel from Columbia to Eagle to check out the LM, and to make the second TV transmission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn July 19, after Apollo 11 had flown behind the moon out of contact with Earth, came the first lunar orbit insertion maneuver. At about 75 hours, 50 minutes into the flight, a retrograde firing of the SPS for 357.5 seconds placed the spacecraft into an initial, elliptical-lunar orbit of 69 by 190 miles. Later, a second burn of the SPS for 17 seconds placed the docked vehicles into a lunar orbit of 62 by 70.5 miles, which was calculated to change the orbit of the CSM piloted by Collins. The change happened because of lunar-gravity perturbations to the nominal 69 miles required for subsequent LM rendezvous and docking after completion of the lunar landing. Before this second SPS firing, another TV transmission was made, this time from the surface of the moon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin entered the LM again, made a final check, and at 100 hours, 12 minutes into the flight, the Eagle undocked and separated from Columbia for visual inspection. At 101 hours, 36 minutes, when the LM was behind the moon on its 13th orbit, the LM descent engine fired for 30 seconds to provide retrograde thrust and commence descent orbit insertion, changing to an orbit of 9 by 67 miles, on a trajectory that was virtually identical to that flown by Apollo 10. At 102 hours, 33 minutes, after Columbia and Eagle had reappeared from behind the moon and when the LM was about 300 miles uprange, powered descent initiation was performed with the descent engine firing for 756.3 seconds. After eight minutes, the LM was at “high gate” about 26,000 feet above the surface and about five miles from the landing site.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe descent engine continued to provide braking thrust until about 102 hours, 45 minutes into the mission. Partially piloted manually by Armstrong, the Eagle landed in the Sea of Tranquility in Site 2 at 0 degrees, 41 minutes, 15 seconds north latitude and 23 degrees, 26 minutes east longitude. This was about four miles downrange from the predicted touchdown point and occurred almost one-and-a-half minutes earlier than scheduled. It included a powered descent that ran a mere nominal 40 seconds longer than preflight planning due to translation maneuvers to avoid a crater during the final phase of landing. Attached to the descent stage was a commemorative plaque signed by President Richard M. Nixon and the three astronauts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe flight plan called for the first EVA to begin after a four-hour rest period, but it was advanced to begin as soon as possible. Nonetheless, it was almost four hours later that Armstrong emerged from the Eagle and deployed the TV camera for the transmission of the event to Earth. At about 109 hours, 42 minutes after launch, Armstrong stepped onto the moon. About 20 minutes later, Aldrin followed him. The camera was then positioned on a tripod about 30 feet from the LM. Half an hour later, President Nixon spoke by telephone link with the astronauts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommemorative medallions bearing the names of the three Apollo 1 astronauts who lost their lives in a launch pad fire, and two cosmonauts who also died in accidents, were left on the moon’s surface. A one-and-a-half inch silicon disk, containing micro miniaturized goodwill messages from 73 countries, and the names of congressional and NASA leaders, also stayed behind.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the EVA, in which they both ranged up to 300 feet from the Eagle, Aldrin deployed the Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package, or EASEP, experiments, and Armstrong and Aldrin gathered and verbally reported on the lunar surface samples. After Aldrin had spent one hour, 33 minutes on the surface, he re-entered the LM, followed 41 minutes later by Armstrong. The entire EVA phase lasted more than two-and-a-half hours, ending at 111 hours, 39 minutes into the mission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArmstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours, 36 minutes on the moon’s surface. After a rest period that included seven hours of sleep, the ascent stage engine fired at 124 hours, 22 minutes. It was shut down 435 seconds later when the Eagle reached an initial orbit of 11 by 55 miles above the moon, and when Columbia was on its 25th revolution. As the ascent stage reached apolune at 125 hours, 19 minutes, the reaction control system, or RCS, fired so as to nearly circularize the Eagle orbit at about 56 miles, some 13 miles below and slightly behind Columbia. Subsequent firings of the LM RCS changed the orbit to 57 by 72 miles. Docking with Columbia occurred on the CSM’s 27th revolution at 128 hours, three minutes into the mission. Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the CSM with Collins. Four hours later, the LM jettisoned and remained in lunar orbit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrans-Earth injection of the CSM began July 21 as the SPS fired for two-and-a-half minutes when Columbia was behind the moon in its 59th hour of lunar orbit. Following this, the astronauts slept for about 10 hours. An 11.2 second firing of the SPS accomplished the only midcourse correction required on the return flight. The correction was made July 22 at about 150 hours, 30 minutes into the mission. Two more television transmissions were made during the trans-Earth coast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRe-entry procedures were initiated July 24, 44 hours after leaving lunar orbit. The SM separated from the CM, which was re-oriented to a heat-shield-forward position. Parachute deployment occurred at 195 hours, 13 minutes. After a flight of 195 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds – about 36 minutes longer than planned – Apollo 11 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, 13 miles from the recovery ship USS Hornet. Because of bad weather in the target area, the landing point was changed by about 250 miles. Apollo 11 landed 13 degrees, 19 minutes north latitude and 169 degrees, nine minutes west longitude July 24, 1969.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrew\u003cbr\u003eNeil Armstrong, Commander\u003cbr\u003eEdwin E. Aldrin Jr., Lunar Module Pilot\u003cbr\u003eMichael Collins, Command Module Pilot\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBackup Crew\u003cbr\u003eJames A. Lovell, Commander\u003cbr\u003eFred W. Haise Jr., Lunar Module Pilot\u003cbr\u003eWilliam A. 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The mission was postponed again about five hours before liftoff on July 24 due to a faulty main engine controller on the number three main engine. The controller was replaced and retested; launch was reset for August 1. Liftoff set for 11:01 a.m. delayed due to cabin pressure vent valve reading and postponed at 12:28 p.m. due to unacceptable return-to-launch site weather conditions. Launch reset for August 2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary payload, Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-5 (TDRS-5) was attached to an inertial Upper Stage (IUS), and deployed about six hours into flight, the IUS propelled the satellite into geosynchronous orbit; TDRS-5 becomes the fourth member of the orbiting TDRS cluster. Secondary payloads were Space Station Heat Pipe Advanced Radiator Element II (SHARE II); Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SSBUV) instrument; Tank Pressure Control Equipment (TPCE) and Optical Communications Through Windows (OCTW). Other experiments included Auroral Photography Experiment (APE-B) Protein Crystal Growth Ill (PCG Ill); Bioserve \/ Instrumentation Technology Associates Materials Dispersion Apparatus (BIMDA); Investigations Into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP); Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS); Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE); Ultraviolet Plume imager (UVPI); and the Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) experiment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44512454537,"sku":"700238","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-43-patch.jpg?v=1504207555"},{"product_id":"sts-79-patch","title":"STS-79 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSTS-79 highlighted by return to Earth of U.S. astronaut Lucid after 188 days in space, first U.S. crew exchange aboard Russian Space Station Mir, and fourth Shuttle-Mir docking. Lucid’s long-duration spaceflight set new U.S. record as well as world record for a woman. She embarked to Mir March 22 with STS-76 mission. Succeeding her on Mir for an approximately four-month stay is Blaha, who will return in January 1997 with STS-81 crew; U.S. astronaut Jerry Linenger will replace him.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSTS-79 also marked second flight of SPACEHAB module in support of Shuttle-Mir activities and first flight of SPACEHAB Double Module configuration. Shuttle-Mir linkup occurred at 11:13 p.m. EDT, Sept. 18, following R-bar approach. Hatches opened at 1:40 a.m., Sept. 19, and Blaha and Lucid exchanged places at 7 a.m. EDT. Awaiting Blaha on Mir were Valery Korzun, Mir 22 commander, and Alexander Kaleri, flight engineer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring five days of mated operations, two crews transferred more than 4,000 pounds (1,814 kilograms) of supplies to Mir, including logistics, food and water generated by orbiter fuel cells. Three experiments also were transferred: Biotechnology System (BTS) for study of cartilage development; Material in Devices as Superconductors (MIDAS) to measure electrical properties of high-temperature superconductor materials; and Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), containing several smaller experiments, including self-contained aquatic systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout 2,000 pounds (907 kilograms) of experiment samples and equipment transferred from Mir to Atlantis; total logistical transfer to and from station of more than 6,000 pounds (2,722 kilograms) was most extensive to date. During her approximately six-month stay on Mir, Lucid conducted research in following fields: advanced technology, Earth sciences, fundamental biology, human life sciences, microgravity research and space sciences. Specific experiments included: Environmental Radiation Measurements to ascertain ionizing radiation levels aboard Mir; Greenhouse-Integrated Plant Experiments, to study effect of microgravity on plants, specifically dwarf wheat; and Assessment of Humoral Immune Function During Long-Duration Space Flight, to gather data on effect of long-term spaceflight on the human immune system and involving collection of blood serum and saliva samples. Some research conducted in newest and final Mir module, Priroda, which arrived at station during Lucid’s stay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree experiments remained on Atlantis: Extreme Temperature Translation Furnace (ETTF), a new furnace design allowing space-based processing up to 871 degrees Fahrenheit (1,600 degrees Centigrade) and above; Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) complement of 128 individual samples involving 12 different proteins; and Mechanics of Granular Materials, designed to further understanding of behavior of cohesionless granular materials, which could in turn lead to better understanding of how Earth’s surface responds during earthquakes and landslides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with all Shuttle-Mir flights, risk-mitigation experiments were conducted to help reduce development risk for the International Space Station. Flying for first time was the Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS), an experiment rack designed to cushion payloads from vibration and other disturbances.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConducted near end of flight was test using orbiter’s small vernier jets to lower Atlantis’ orbit. A similar maneuver may be employed at the end of the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, STS-82, to re-boost Hubble to a higher orbit while still in the orbiter payload bay.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44512554441,"sku":"700239","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-79-patch.jpg?v=1504207738"},{"product_id":"expedition-21-patch","title":"Expedition 21 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSoyuz TMA-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrew: Roman Romanenko, Frank De Winne, Robert Thirsk\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch: May 27, 2009, 6:34 a.m. EDT\u003cbr\u003eDocking: May 29, 2009, 8:34 a.m. EDT\u003cbr\u003eLanding: Dec. 1, 2009, 2:15 a.m. EST\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoyuz TMA-16\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrew: Jeff Williams, Maxim Suraev, Guy Laliberté\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch: Sept. 30, 2009, 3:14 a.m. EDT\u003cbr\u003eDocking: Oct. 2, 2009, 4:37 a.m. EDT\u003cbr\u003eLanding: March 18, 2010, 7:24 a.m. EDT\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44512596681,"sku":"700333","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/expedition-21-patch.jpg?v=1504207870"},{"product_id":"expedition-17-patch","title":"Expedition 17 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eCommander Sergei Alexandrovich Volkov and cosmonaut Oleg Dmitrievich Kononenko of the 17th International Space Station crew launched in their Soyuz TMA-12 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 7:16 a.m. EDT Tuesday to begin a six-month stay in space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLess than 10 minutes after launch their spacecraft reached orbit, and its antennas and solar arrays were deployed shortly afterwards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith Volkov, a lieutenant colonel in the Russian Air Force, and Kononenko is spaceflight participant So-yeon Yi. She is a South Korean flying under contract with the Russian Federal Space Agency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYi will return to Earth with Expedition 16 crew members, Commander Peggy Whitson and Flight Engineer Yuri Malenchenko in their Soyuz TMA-11 on April 19. Expedition 16 launched to the station Oct. 10.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExpedition 17 crew members will be welcomed by the Expedition 16 crew, including astronaut Garrett Reisman, after their docking to the orbiting laboratory, scheduled for Thursday. Reisman launched to the station on the STS-123 mission of Endeavour March 11. He joined Expedition 16 in progress and will provide Expedition 17 with an experienced flight engineer for the first part of its increment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVolkov, 35, is making his first flight into space. He is a graduate of the Tambov Air Force Academy for Pilots. After service as an air force pilot he began cosmonaut training in December 1997. He trained with the Expedition 11 crew and as a backup Expedition 13 crew member. He is the son of cosmonaut Alexander Volkov, who flew three long-duration missions in Soviet and Russian space stations from 1985 to 1992.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKononenko, 43, also is making his first spaceflight. He is a graduate of the Aviation Institute and worked at the Russian Space Agency’s Central Specialized Design Bureau. He began cosmonaut training in June 1996. He trained with the Expedition 9 and Expedition 11 crews.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAstronaut Greg Chamitoff is scheduled to launch on the STS-124 flight of Discovery to join Expedition 17 in progress. He holds a Ph.D. in aeronautics and astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was selected as an astronaut for the class of 1998. He will be making his first spaceflight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo Expedition 18 crew members are expected to arrive next fall to replace Volkov and Kononenko\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44512657545,"sku":"700335","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/expedition-17-patch.jpg?v=1504208094"},{"product_id":"expedition-22-patch","title":"Expedition 22 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44512706377,"sku":"700338","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/expedition-22-patch.jpg?v=1504208215"},{"product_id":"expedition-23-patch","title":"Expedition 23 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eExpedition 23 began with the Soyuz TMA-16 undocking on March 18, 2010. 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Terry Virts served as the pilot. Mission Specialists were Nicholas Patrick, Robert Behnken, Stephen Robinson and Kathryn Hire. Virts completed his first trip to space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndeavour delivered a third connecting module – the Tranquility node – to the station and a seven-windowed cupola to be used as a control room for robotics. 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Mission Specialists were Rick Mastracchio, Clayton Anderson, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Naoko Yamazaki.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiscovery delivered a multi-purpose logistics module filled with science racks that were transferred to laboratories on the International Space Station.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mission featured three spacewalks performed by Mastracchio and Anderson. 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(This was later determined to be a false reading.) After an 18-day delay, a launch attempt January 6, 1986 halted at T-31 seconds due to the accidental draining of approximately 4,000 pounds of liquid oxygen from the external tank. The launch attempt January 7 scrubbed at T-9 minutes due to bad weather at both transoceanic abort landing sites (Moron, Spain and Dakar, Senegal). After a two-day delay, the launch set for January 9 was delayed due to the launch pad liquid oxygen sensor breaking off and lodging in the number two main engine prevalve. The launch set for January 10 was delayed two days due to heavy rains. The launch countdown on January 12 proceeded with no delays.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe planned landing at KSC, originally scheduled for January 17, moved to January 16 to save orbiter turnaround time. Landing attempts on January 16 and 17 were abandoned due to unacceptable weather at KSC. 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Other payloads: Materials Science Laboratory-2 (MSL-2); Hitchhiker G-1; Infrared Imaging Experiment (IR-IE); Initial Blood Storage Experiment (IBSE); Hand-held Protein Crystal Growth (HPCG) experiment; three Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP) experiments and 13 Get Away Specials (GAS), 12 of them mounted on a special GAS Bridge Assembly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44513989833,"sku":"700366","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts61c-patch.jpg?v=1504211217"},{"product_id":"expedition-25-patch","title":"Expedition 25 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eExpedition 25 began with the Soyuz TMA-18 undocking in September 2010. 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Verify the combined performance of the entire shuttle vehicle – orbiter, solid rocket boosters and external tank.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePayloads included the Orbital Flight Test Pallet consisting of the Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellite (MAPS) experiment, the Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) experiment, the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) experiment, the Features Identification and Location Experiment (FILE) and the Ocean Color Experiment (OCE). Also included was the 11,048 lb. Development Flight Instrumentation (DFI) pallet, the Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Package (ACIP), the Induced Environment Contamination Monitor (IECM) and the 5,395 lb. Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications Pallet (OSTA-1).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch originally set for Oct. 9 was rescheduled when a nitrogen tetroxide spill occurred during loading of the forward reaction control system. The launch scheduled for Nov. 4 delayed and then scrubbed when the countdown computer called for hold in the count due to an apparent low reading on fuel cell oxygen tank pressures. During the hold, high oil pressures were discovered in two of three auxiliary power units (APUs) that operate hydraulic system. APU gear boxes needed to be flushed and filters replaced, forcing the launch to reschedule. The launch on Nov. 12 delayed two hours, 40 minutes to replace the multiplexer\/demultiplexer and additional nine minutes, 59 seconds to review systems status.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModifications of the water sound suppression system at the pad to absorb the solid rocket booster overpressure wave during launch were effective — no tiles were lost and only 12 were damaged.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe planned five-day mission was cut nearly three days due to failure of one of three fuel cells that produce electricity and drinking water, but 90 percent of mission objectives achieved, including first time remote manipulator system tests. Mission scientists were satisfied with data received from Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications-1 (OSTA-1) Earth observation experiments mounted on Spacelab pallet in payload bay.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44515388937,"sku":"700422","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-2-patch.jpg?v=1504214550"},{"product_id":"sts-4-patch","title":"STS-4 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eSTS-4 Patch\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44515457353,"sku":"700424","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-4_patch.jpg?v=1504214790"},{"product_id":"sts-32-patch","title":"STS-32 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eTenth Columbia flight. Deployed Syncom IV-5 (Reimbursable – DOD), a geostationary communications satellite also known as Leasat, for the U.S. Navy. Also retrieved the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) deployed on STS 41-C on April 6, 1984. Landed January 20, 1990 at Edwards Air Force Base, CA. Mission Duration: 261 hours 0 minutes 37 seconds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaunch Date: January 9, 1990 Launch Vehicle: Columbia Crew: Commander: Daniel C. Brandenstein, Pilot: James D. Wetherbee, Mission Specialists: Bonnie J. Dunbar, Marsha S. Ivins, G. David Low\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44516609225,"sku":"700432","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-32-patch.jpg?v=1504216023"},{"product_id":"sts-33-patch","title":"STS-33 Patch","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe launch set for November 20 was rescheduled to allow changeout of suspect integrated electronics assemblies on the twin solid rocket boosters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMission Highlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFifth mission dedicated to the Department of Defense.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop Nasa","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44516675849,"sku":"700433","price":6.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2120\/7043\/products\/sts-33-patch.jpg?v=1504216126"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.shopnasa.com\/collections\/patches\/program_apollo.oembed","provider":"Shop Nasa | The Gift Shop at NASA Johnson Space Center","version":"1.0","type":"link"}